Условные предложения: 50 упражнений с ответами

Условные предложения знают все: «если — то» ✓ Но стоит дойти до третьего типа — и появляется «if I would have known» ✗ которого в английском нет ✓

Здесь 50 упражнений ✓ — по всем четырём типам ✓ После каждого блока — ответы с объяснением ✓

Четыре типа коротко#

Тип	Формула	Смысл
Zero	if + present, present	всегда так: If you heat ice, it melts
First	if + present, will	реально в будущем: If it rains, we will stay home
Second	if + past, would	нереально сейчас: If I had money, I would travel
Third	if + had + V3, would have + V3	нереально в прошлом: If I had studied, I would have passed

Подробнее — условные предложения с примерами ✓

1. Zero и First: реальное#

Zero — всегда так (if + present, present). First — реальное будущее (if + present, will).

1. If you heat ice, it ___ (melt).
2. If it ___ (rain), we will stay home.
3. If you ___ (not / hurry), you will be late.
4. Water ___ (boil) if you heat it to 100 degrees.
5. If she ___ (call), I will tell her.
6. If you ___ (mix) red and blue, you get purple.
7. We ___ (go) to the beach if the weather is good.
8. If he ___ (not / come), we will start without him.
9. If I ___ (have) time, I will help you.
10. Plants ___ (die) if you do not water them.

Показать ответы (10)

1. melts — Zero: закон природы, оба present.
2. rains — First: if + present, will в главной.
3. do not hurry — First: if + present simple, отрицание через do.
4. boils — Zero: закономерность.
5. calls — First: после if — present, не will.
6. mix — Zero: закономерность.
7. will go — First: will в главной части.
8. does not come — First: отрицание в придаточной.
9. have — First: после if — present simple.
10. die — Zero: закономерность.

2. Second: нереальное настоящее#

If + past simple, would + инфинитив. Про то, что нереально или маловероятно сейчас.

1. If I ___ (have) more money, I would travel.
2. If I ___ (be) you, I would apologize.
3. She would come if you ___ (ask) her.
4. If we ___ (live) closer, we would meet more often.
5. I would buy that car if I ___ (can).
6. If he ___ (know) the answer, he would tell us.
7. What ___ you ___ (do) if you won the lottery?
8. If I ___ (not / be) so tired, I would go out.
9. They would understand if you ___ (explain) it.
10. If she ___ (have) a car, she would drive to work.

Показать ответы (10)

1. had — Second: if + past, would + V.
2. were — Second: с be используем were.
3. asked — Second: if + past simple.
4. lived — Second: нереальная ситуация.
5. could — Second: could вместо can.
6. knew — Second: if + past simple.
7. would … do — Second: вопрос с would.
8. were not — Second: отрицание с were.
9. explained — Second: if + past simple.
10. had — Second: нереальное настоящее.

3. Third: нереальное прошлое#

If + had + V3, would have + V3. Сожаление о том, что уже прошло.

1. If I ___ (study) harder, I would have passed.
2. If you ___ (tell) me, I would have helped.
3. She would have come if she ___ (know).
4. If we ___ (leave) earlier, we would not have missed the train.
5. I would have called if I ___ (have) your number.
6. If he ___ (not / forget), he would have arrived on time.
7. They would have won if they ___ (play) better.
8. If it ___ (not / rain), we would have gone hiking.
9. What ___ you ___ (do) if you had known?
10. If she ___ (take) the job, she would have moved.

Показать ответы (10)

1. had studied — Third: if + had + V3.
2. had told — Third: нереальное прошлое.
3. had known — Third: if + had + V3.
4. had left — Third: сожаление о прошлом.
5. had had — Third: had + V3 от have.
6. had not forgotten — Third: отрицание с had not.
7. had played — Third: нереальное прошлое.
8. had not rained — Third: отрицание.
9. would … have done — Third: вопрос.
10. had taken — Third: нереальное прошлое.

4. Unless и другие союзы#

Unless = if not. И связки when, as soon as, before — все с present, не с will.

1. ___ you hurry, you will miss the train.
2. I will not go ___ you come with me.
3. ___ you arrive, call me.
4. I will call you as soon as I ___ (get) there.
5. ___ you leave, turn off the light.
6. Wait here ___ I come back.
7. We will start ___ he arrives.
8. ___ it rains, the event will be cancelled.
9. She will text you ___ she lands.
10. ___ you need help, just ask.

Показать ответы (10)

1. Unless — Unless = if not: «если не поторопишься».
2. unless — Unless = if not.
3. When — When + present, не will.
4. get — As soon as + present.
5. Before — Before + present.
6. until — Until + present.
7. when — When + present simple.
8. If — If + present.
9. as soon as — As soon as + present.
10. If — If + present simple.

5. Смешанные#

Определите тип по смыслу: реальное, нереальное настоящее или нереальное прошлое.

1. If it ___ (be) sunny tomorrow, we will go out.
2. If I ___ (win) the lottery, I would buy a house.
3. If you ___ (not / sleep), you would feel better.
4. If he ___ (call) earlier, we would have met.
5. If you ___ (mix) yellow and blue, you get green.
6. She ___ (come) if you invite her.
7. If I ___ (be) taller, I would play basketball.
8. If we ___ (not / miss) the bus, we would have arrived early.
9. Unless you ___ (study), you will fail.
10. I would have said yes if you ___ (ask) me.

Показать ответы (10)

1. is — First: реальное будущее.
2. won — Second: нереальное настоящее.
3. did not sleep — Second: отрицание.
4. had called — Third: нереальное прошлое.
5. mix — Zero: закономерность.
6. will come — First: реальное будущее.
7. were — Second: be → were.
8. had not missed — Third: отрицание.
9. study — Unless + present, не will.
10. had asked — Third: if + had + V3.

Три правила, которые решают большинство#

1. После if — никогда will или would. If it rains ✓, а не «if it will rain» ✗
2. Second conditional: be → were. If I were you ✓ — даже с I, he, she ✓
3. Unless = if not. И после него тоже настоящее время ✗

Что дальше#

Ещё упражнения: по артиклям, временам, предлогам, фразовым глаголам, неправильным глаголам, there is и модальным ✓

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